Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health2021, 18, 9171 8of 15 Table4. Correlation and confidence intervals between WMSDs and other clinical endpoints. Clinical Endpoint N Spearmanr DASHscore 67 0.23 (−0.01, 0.45, p =0.056) VASat rest 70 0.04 (−0.20, 0.27, p =0.755) VAS under strain 70 0.26 (0.03, 0.47, p =0.029) Range of motion E/F 70 −0.01 (−0.24, 0.23, p =0.943) Range of motion S/P 70 −0.17 (−0.39, 0.07, p =0.168) Range of motion U/R 70 −0.12 (−0.35, 0.12, p =0.316) Grip strength 70 0.13 (−0.11, 0.36, p =0.269) Purdue Pegboard Test 70 0.03 (−0.20, 0.27, p =0.787) Subjective complaints 70 0.15 (−0.09, 0.37, p =0.213) DASH = Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, VAS = pain on Visual Analog Scale, ROM = range of motion, E/F = extension/flexion, S/P = supination/pronation, U/R = ulnar/radial abduction, PPB Test = Purdue Pegboard Test. Table5. Results of the multiple analysis for the endpoint WMSDs. Effect/Factor p-Value Gender (female/male) 0.14 Body mass index (BMI) 0.41 Occupation group (grinding/packaging/control) 0.43 Secondary occupation and/or physical hobbies 0.57 Age 0.96 Years in service 0.99 The respective analyses following the same layout were performed using other clinical endpoints, with a linear instead of logistic regression applied in the case of continuous endpoints. Results are shown in Table 6. Only the combinations with ap-valueof p ≤0.1 are listed. Table6. Results of the multiple analysis of secondary clinical endpoints. Basic Endpoint Effect/Factor p-Value DASH Gender (female/male) 0.019 Range of motion Dimension of movement (E/F, S/P or U/R) <0.001 Years in service 0.021 Gender (female/male) 0.035 Subjective complaints Age 0.042 Years in service 0.060 VASat rest Body Mass Index 0.091 VAS under strain Body Mass Index 0.027 Grip strength Gender (female/male) <0.001 Age <0.001 Body Mass Index <0.001 Secondary occupation and/or physical hobbies 0.041 Years in service 0.053 DASH = Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, ROM = range of motion, VAS = pain on Visual Analog Scale, BMI = Body Mass Index, E/F = extension/flexion, S/P = supination/pronation, U/R = ulnar/radial abduction. In addition to known and obvious correlations such as gender dependence for DASH with higher values in women, or higher grip strength in men, there was a negative correlation between ROM and years in service, more frequent subjective complaints of the upper extremities with increasing age, pain under strain on the VAS at a higher BMI, and higher grip strength when secondary occupation and/or physically demanding hobbies were performed [38]. A statistical effect may be observed in Table 5 with by far the lowest p-values concentrated in the analysis of grip strength and, to some extent, of ROM.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NTE4MTY=